Union Territory Profile: Ladakh

Ladakh, the land of high passes, is a stunning region known for its breathtaking landscapes, barren beauty, and cultural richness. Nestled between the mighty Himalayas and Karakoram Range, living in Ladakh means being immersed in a serene environment of snow-capped peaks, tranquil lakes like Pangong Tso, and unique monasteries. Its rugged terrains and clear skies offer an unparalleled experience for adventurers, trekkers, and nature lovers alike.

The people of Ladakh are known for their warmth, resilience, and deep-rooted Buddhist heritage. The region thrives on tourism, attracting visitors for its trekking, wildlife, cultural festivals, and adventure sports like mountain biking and motorcycle tours. Agriculture, especially barley and apples, along with traditional crafts like pashmina wool and thangka paintings, also contribute to the economy.

Ladakh holds potential in sustainable tourism, renewable energy, and cultural preservation, offering a peaceful and vibrant lifestyle, where nature and opportunity exist in harmony. Experience a life in Ladakh, where beauty and tranquility meet modern growth in the most majestic surroundings.

General Information

• Union Territory Name: Ladakh
• Abbreviation: LD
• Capital: Leh (Summer), Kargil (Winter)
• Largest City: Leh
• Area: 59,146 square kilometers
• Population: Approximately 300,000 (2021 Census)
• Official Language: Ladakhi, Hindi, and English
• State Animal: Snow Leopard
• State Bird: Himalayan Griffon Vulture
• State Tree: Willows
• State Flower: Poppy (Meconopsis aculeata)

Ladakh is a picturesque region located in the northernmost part of India. It is an ecologically sensitive and strategically important area, known for its stunning landscapes, diverse culture, and rich heritage.

Geography

Ladakh is a landlocked, high-altitude region surrounded by the Karakoram mountain range in the north and the Himalayan mountains in the south. The region forms a part of the Jammu & Kashmir state and borders China to the east, Pakistan to the west, and the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to the south. Ladakh is recognized for its cold desert climate, high mountains, and barren landscapes, which have made it a hub for adventure tourism and mountaineering.

• Rivers: The Indus River is the lifeline of the region, flowing from Tibet into Pakistan. The Zanskar River is another prominent water body that flows through Ladakh.
• Climate: The climate is extremely cold, characterized by long, harsh winters with temperatures dropping as low as -30°C, while summers are short and milder with temperatures reaching up to 25°C.

Administrative Divisions

Ladakh is a Union Territory (UT) of India, officially formed on October 31, 2019, when Jammu & Kashmir was bifurcated into two UTs. Ladakh comprises two districts:

• Leh: The largest city and the cultural capital, Leh is home to most of the region’s Buddhist monasteries and offers a gateway to the Himalayas and Karakoram ranges.
• Kargil: Known for its Islamic culture, Kargil is strategically located near the Pakistan border and holds historical significance.

Economy

The economy of Ladakh is primarily driven by agriculture, tourism, and handicrafts:

1. Agriculture: The harsh climatic conditions limit the types of crops grown, but barley, wheat, peas, and apricots are common. Ladakh is also famous for its unique Pashmina wool, which is woven into fine shawls.
2. Tourism: Ladakh’s mesmerizing landscapes, Buddhist monasteries, trekking routes, and lakes like Pangong Lake and Tso Moriri make it a major tourist destination. Adventure tourism, including trekking, mountaineering, rafting, and off-road biking, contributes significantly to the local economy.
3. Handicrafts: The region’s rich culture is reflected in its traditional handicrafts such as carpets, pashmina shawls, and wood carvings.

Culture and Heritage

Ladakh has a unique and vibrant culture influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, Islam, and traditional Ladakhi practices. The region is home to Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, vibrant festivals, and traditional folk music and dances.

• Monasteries: Ladakh has several prominent Buddhist monasteries, including Hemis Monastery, Thiksey Monastery, and Lamayuru Monastery.
• Festivals: The Hemis Festival, Losar (Ladakhi New Year), and Dosmoche Festival are famous cultural events, celebrated with dances, prayers, and rituals.
• Cuisine: Ladakhi cuisine includes Thukpa (noodle soup), Momos (dumplings), and Skyu (a stew made with vegetables and wheat dough).

Religion

Ladakh is a religiously diverse region with Tibetan Buddhism being the dominant religion. The region also has a significant population of Muslims, particularly in the Kargil district. Other religions, such as Hinduism and Christianity, also have small communities in the region.

Education

Ladakh has made considerable improvements in education over the years. However, it still faces challenges in terms of infrastructure and resources due to its remote location and difficult terrain.

• Literacy Rate: Around 70%, with a gender gap in literacy rates, though efforts are ongoing to bridge this gap.
• Educational Institutions: Ladakh University is the main university offering higher education. There are also numerous schools under the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC).

Politics

Ladakh was made a Union Territory in 2019 after the abrogation of Article 370 and the bifurcation of Jammu & Kashmir. The Lieutenant Governor administers the region, and there is no legislative assembly, which means the Union Government directly governs the area. Ladakh’s political framework is largely guided by policies set by the Central Government of India.

Famous Personalities

• Sonam Wangchuk: Innovator, environmentalist, and education reformist from Ladakh, known for creating the Ice Stupa project that helps preserve water.
• Rigzin Spalbar: Former Chief Executive Councilor of the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC).

Notable Landmarks

1. Pangong Lake: A saltwater lake with stunning views, often a site for adventure tourism.
2. Leh Palace: A historical palace offering a panoramic view of Leh town.
3. Hemis Monastery: Famous for its annual festival, the Hemis Festival.
4. Magnetic Hill: A gravity-defying optical illusion where vehicles appear to move uphill on their own.
5. Zanskar Valley: A popular trekking route, known for its stark beauty and challenging terrain.

Social Challenges

• Isolation: The remoteness of Ladakh makes it challenging to provide essential services like healthcare, education, and communication.
• Youth Migration: Due to limited opportunities in Ladakh, many young people migrate to other cities for education and work.
• Health Infrastructure: Despite improvements, healthcare facilities in remote areas of Ladakh remain underdeveloped.

Environmental Challenges

• Climate Change: Ladakh is highly vulnerable to climate change, with the retreat of glaciers and erratic rainfall affecting agriculture and water resources.
• Waste Management: As tourism grows, the region faces significant challenges related to waste management, particularly in remote areas where disposal systems are inadequate.
• Desertification: A large portion of Ladakh is a cold desert, and preserving its fragile ecosystem is crucial.

Government of India Support to Citizens of This Districts

Certainly! Here’s the updated table with an additional column, “Government of India Support”, indicating the primary support or schemes provided by the Government of India to the citizens of each district. These schemes could include government welfare programs, agricultural subsidies, industrial support, infrastructure development, healthcare initiatives, and more.

Here is a detailed table that includes the district number, district name, economic importance (rated on a scale of 1-10), major key economic activities, and government support:

Explanation of Major Key Economic Activities

1. Leh District:
   • Tourism: Leh is a major hub for adventure tourism, ecotourism, and cultural tourism. The region is known for its stunning landscapes, Buddhist monasteries, and trekking opportunities. Key destinations include Pangong Lake, Nubra Valley, and Hemis Monastery. The tourism industry significantly contributes to Leh’s economy, especially in the form of hospitality, transportation, and local handicrafts.
   • Agriculture: Although limited due to the cold desert climate, Leh grows barley, wheat, peas, and apricots, which are key agricultural products.
   • Handicrafts: Leh is known for its Pashmina shawls, carpets, and traditional wooden carvings. These handcrafted goods are in demand both domestically and internationally.
2. Kargil District:
   • Agriculture: Kargil has a more extensive agricultural base than Leh. The fertile lands along the Zanskar River and Indus River allow for the cultivation of crops such as barley, wheat, and peas. Kargil also has a notable apple industry, especially in the Drass area.
   • Handicrafts: Kargil produces woolen goods, such as pashmina and carpets, which are integral to its local economy.
   • Tourism: Although not as prominent as Leh, Kargil has seen growth in ecotourism and historical tourism, especially around landmarks related to the Kargil War (1999).

Parameters for Importance in Economy of India (Level 1-10)

The importance level (1-10) reflects the economic contribution of the district within the context of the broader Indian economy, factoring in elements like contribution to national GDP, sectors contributing to growth, and government interventions. The scale is as follows:

• Level 1: Minimal economic contribution, almost negligible impact on national or state-level economy.
• Level 2-4: Low to moderate economic significance. Sectors are emerging or growing, but not yet a major contributor.
• Level 5-6: Moderate significance, with more diverse economic activities that provide some regional contribution but not at a national scale.
• Level 7-8: High economic significance in specific sectors, such as agriculture, tourism, or industry, with substantial regional and national impact.
• Level 9: Very high economic significance, contributing significantly to national or international markets, with established industries and thriving economic sectors.
• Level 10: Crucial to national economy, with diverse, high-value industries that drive economic growth on a national scale.

Leh scores a 9 due to its significant role in tourism, agriculture, and handicrafts, while Kargil scores a 7, driven by agriculture, handicrafts, and growing tourism.

Government of India Support

Both Leh and Kargil receive government support through various schemes:

• Special funding under tourism: Government efforts are focused on promoting Ladakh as a major tourist destination through initiatives like infrastructure development, enhancing transport connectivity, and promoting cultural heritage tourism.
• Agricultural schemes: The Government of India supports agriculture in Ladakh with funding for modern farming techniques, infrastructure for irrigation, and crop diversification.
• Handicraft development: The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) has supported Ladakh’s handicrafts industry by offering market access and promoting traditional crafts.
• Rural employment schemes: The government implements schemes like MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) to provide employment and improve infrastructure in rural areas.

In summary, Leh has a higher economic significance due to its tourism-driven economy, while Kargil has a strong base in agriculture and handicrafts, with both districts benefiting from government schemes aimed at developing the region.

Disputed Area – Ladakh’s Strategic Importance and India’s Position

Ladakh is part of a strategically sensitive region that has been the subject of territorial disputes between India and its neighboring countries, primarily China and Pakistan.

[A] Dispute with China:

The region of Aksai Chin, which is an area of approximately 37,244 square kilometers, is claimed by both India and China. Aksai Chin lies to the east of the main Ladakh region and is strategically important because it provides a link between Tibet and Xinjiang, two key regions of China.

• India’s Stand: India asserts that Aksai Chin is an integral part of its territory, and its position has not changed since it gained independence. The Line of Actual Control (LAC), which divides the territories controlled by India and China in this area, has been a point of contention, with periodic skirmishes and standoffs occurring over the years.
• Chinese Stand: China claims Aksai Chin as part of its Xinjiang Autonomous Region, asserting historical ownership of the region.

In the context of this dispute, India has consistently maintained its position on Aksai Chin and Ladakh’s sovereignty, with multiple international forums recognizing India’s claim. The area is strategically important for India’s national security, as it provides access to the Central Asian region.

[B] Dispute with Pakistan:

The region of Shaksgam Valley, located to the north of Ladakh, was ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963 through a border agreement. This region, which lies on the western edge of Ladakh, is also claimed by India as part of Jammu & Kashmir.

• India’s Stand: India considers the entire territory of Jammu & Kashmir, including Shaksgam Valley, as its own. India does not recognize the Sino-Pakistani boundary agreement of 1963.
• Pakistan’s Stand: Pakistan views Shaksgam Valley as part of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), which is part of the larger territorial dispute over the Jammu & Kashmir region.

In conclusion, Ladakh is a region of immense strategic importance for India, and its territory, including Aksai Chin and Shaksgam Valley, is claimed by India. Despite the territorial disputes, India’s position remains firm regarding its sovereignty over Ladakh and its adjoining regions. The Union Territory of Ladakh plays a crucial role in India’s defense and geopolitical strategies, especially in the context of its border tensions with both China and Pakistan.

Disputed Area: Gilgit-Baltistan Region and India’s Stand

The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, located to the north of Ladakh, is a part of the broader Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It forms an integral part of the Jammu and Kashmir state, which is claimed in full by India.

Gilgit-Baltistan’s Strategic Location

• Gilgit-Baltistan lies in the northernmost region of Pakistan and shares a direct border with Ladakh. It is strategically located as it lies near the Karakoram Range, China, and India’s Ladakh region.
• It is rich in natural resources and has a crucial position in terms of regional connectivity.

Dispute with Pakistan

• India’s Stand: India maintains that Gilgit-Baltistan is part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, which is legally an integral part of India. India’s position on this region is the same as its stance on the Aksai Chin region and Shaksgam Valley in Ladakh. India asserts that the entire Jammu and Kashmir region, including Gilgit-Baltistan, was illegally occupied by Pakistan after the 1947 partition.India continues to claim Gilgit-Baltistan as part of its territory, and the region is considered an essential part of the ongoing territorial dispute over Jammu and Kashmir.
• Pakistan’s Stand: Pakistan administers Gilgit-Baltistan and has granted it a degree of autonomy. Pakistan refers to it as part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), which is claimed by Pakistan as part of the larger Jammu and Kashmir region.The Pakistan administration has also been in a dispute with China regarding the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which passes through Gilgit-Baltistan. India has strongly objected to the development of CPEC projects in the region, as they are being conducted on land that India considers its own.

China’s Role

• China is also involved in the dispute, especially regarding Shaksgam Valley (which is part of Gilgit-Baltistan) and the Karakoram Highway, which connects Pakistan to China through Gilgit-Baltistan. India asserts that China’s occupation of Shaksgam Valley is illegal, as the territory was ceded by Pakistan to China in a 1963 border agreement, which India does not recognize.

Summary of India’s Position on Gilgit-Baltistan

• India’s Position: Gilgit-Baltistan is an integral part of Indian Jammu and Kashmir and remains under illegal occupation by Pakistan. India rejects Pakistan’s administrative actions in the region and considers its activities in Gilgit-Baltistan as violating India’s sovereignty. Additionally, India strongly opposes any development projects, including CPEC, being conducted by Pakistan and China in the region.

In conclusion, the Gilgit-Baltistan region, along with Aksai Chin and Shaksgam Valley, forms a core part of the India-Pakistan and India-China territorial disputes. India’s stance on these regions remains unchanged, asserting its sovereignty over the entire Jammu and Kashmir region.

Disputed Area: Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) and India’s Stand

Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) is a region administered by Pakistan, but it is also claimed in full by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir, which India considers an integral part of its sovereign territory. The area is located to the west of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, and it shares its borders with Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan (also claimed by India), as well as the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.

Historical Context of the Dispute

• Partition of India in 1947: When British India was partitioned in 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was given the choice of joining either India or Pakistan. The region had a Muslim-majority population, but the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, initially chose to remain independent. Amid rising tribal invasions from Pakistan, the Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession to India, thereby acceding to India’s sovereignty.
• Pakistan’s Reaction: Pakistan contested this accession and launched military aggression, resulting in the first India-Pakistan war (1947-1948). By the end of the war in 1948, the region was divided, with Pakistan controlling Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan, and India controlling Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.
• The United Nations Ceasefire Line: The Line of Control (LoC) was drawn as a result of the 1948 UN-mediated ceasefire. It divides Jammu and Kashmir into Indian-administered and Pakistani-administered areas. AJK is part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, while the region of Jammu and Kashmir is governed by India.

Dispute Over Azad Jammu and Kashmir

1. India’s Stand:
   • India claims the entire Jammu and Kashmir region, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), as part of its sovereign territory. India does not recognize Pakistan-administered Kashmir as Azad Jammu and Kashmir but considers it an illegal occupation of Indian territory by Pakistan.
   • India argues that the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India, signed by the then Maharaja Hari Singh, is legally binding, and thus the entire region, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir, remains an integral part of India.
   • India also contests Pakistan’s ongoing administration of the region, considering it a violation of international law and the United Nations resolutions on Kashmir.
2. Pakistan’s Stand:
   • Pakistan administers Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, referring to them collectively as Azad Kashmir. Pakistan has granted AJK a degree of autonomy, although it still exercises control over its foreign policy and military.
   • Pakistan considers Azad Jammu and Kashmir to be part of the broader Kashmir dispute and a region where the people’s right to self-determination should be recognized.
   • The Pakistan government considers Jammu and Kashmir (both AJK and Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir) as disputed territories, with the region’s final status yet to be determined through a UN-mandated plebiscite.
3. Kashmir Conflict and International Stance:
   • The dispute over Azad Jammu and Kashmir, along with other areas of Jammu and Kashmir, has resulted in several wars between India and Pakistan (1947-48, 1965, and 1999).
   • The UN Resolutions on Kashmir have called for a plebiscite in the region, allowing the people to decide their future. However, these resolutions have not been implemented due to differences over the terms of the plebiscite and the evolving geopolitical situation.

Geopolitical Significance

• Strategic Importance: Azad Jammu and Kashmir is located in a strategically significant area, as it borders both Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan. The region lies along the Line of Control (LoC), a heavily militarized zone where regular skirmishes have occurred between India and Pakistan.
• Cultural and Demographic Composition: The population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is predominantly Muslim, with many people sharing cultural, linguistic, and historical ties with the population of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. This shared identity plays a key role in the ongoing dispute.

India’s Firm Stand on Azad Jammu and Kashmir

• India’s Position on the Kashmir Dispute: India’s position remains firm on the claim that the entire region of Jammu and Kashmir, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, Aksai Chin, and Ladakh, is an integral part of India. The Indian government strongly opposes Pakistan’s administrative actions in the region and considers the actions of both Pakistan and China in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan to be illegal.
• Post-Article 370 Developments: After the revocation of Article 370 in August 2019, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir, India has emphasized that its sovereignty over the entire region is non-negotiable, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan has repeatedly criticized this move, but India has maintained that the abrogation was an internal matter and has reinforced its territorial claims over the entire Jammu and Kashmir region.

Summary of India’s Position on Azad Jammu & Kashmir

• India claims Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) as part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
• India views Pakistan’s control over Azad Jammu and Kashmir as illegal occupation.
• India continues to assert that the entire Jammu and Kashmir region, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Ladakh, is an integral part of India.
• Pakistan’s administration of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan is considered an ongoing violation of India’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.

In conclusion, Azad Jammu and Kashmir remains a crucial part of the larger India-Pakistan territorial dispute. India’s stance is clear and consistent in asserting its territorial rights over the entire region of Jammu and Kashmir, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir, while Pakistan continues to maintain control and claims the region as part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The dispute remains unresolved and continues to be a source of tension between the two nations.

Disputed Area: Siachen Glacier

The Siachen Glacier is one of the highest battlegrounds in the world, located in the Karakoram Range. It is situated in the northern part of Ladakh, near the China-Pakistan border, and is part of the larger territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the region of Jammu and Kashmir.

Siachen Glacier Dispute

• Strategic Importance: The glacier is strategically significant due to its location, acting as a natural barrier between India and Pakistan in the Karakoram Range. The area is rich in water resources, and controlling it is vital for both national security and control of surrounding routes.
• India’s Stand: India maintains that the Siachen Glacier lies within Indian territory as per the Line of Control (LoC), which divides Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistan-administered Kashmir. India took control of the glacier in 1984 during Operation Meghdoot, securing key positions at the heights of the glacier that are critical to controlling access to the region. India’s military presence has since prevented Pakistan from establishing control.
• Pakistan’s Stand: Pakistan claims that the Siachen Glacier lies within the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, which Pakistan considers an unresolved issue. Pakistan protests India’s military occupation of the glacier, arguing that it is part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir and should be subject to the UN-mandated plebiscite on the Kashmir dispute.
• Current Situation: The region remains heavily militarized, with both Indian and Pakistani forces stationed at extreme altitudes. It has resulted in significant human and material costs, with the harsh weather and terrain making military operations extremely difficult.
• Environmental Concerns: The Siachen Glacier also faces environmental concerns, as military activities in the area have led to the deterioration of the glacier and surrounding ecosystems. The Siachen conflict has prompted both countries to consider the impact of the military presence on the environment.

Disputed Area: Karakoram Pass Control

The Karakoram Pass is a high-altitude mountain pass located in the Karakoram Range, connecting India and China. It is part of the larger territorial dispute involving India, Pakistan, and China over areas of Ladakh, particularly in relation to Aksai Chin and the Karakoram Highway.

Karakoram Pass and Control Dispute

• Strategic Importance: The Karakoram Pass holds strategic importance due to its location connecting India, Pakistan, and China. It forms a critical access point in the Karakoram Range and facilitates the Karakoram Highway (a major roadway built by China and Pakistan) that connects China’s Xinjiang region to Pakistan’s Gilgit-Baltistan region.
• India’s Stand: India claims that the entire region, including the Karakoram Pass, Aksai Chin, and other adjoining areas, is part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The Karakoram Pass is considered an essential strategic location as it connects to routes leading to the Ladakh region, particularly important for military and infrastructure movement.
• China’s Role: China controls the Aksai Chin region, which includes the Karakoram Pass. The Chinese military presence in the area came after the 1962 Sino-Indian war, following which China gained control of the region. India, however, maintains that the region was part of Jammu and Kashmir and continues to claim it.
• Pakistan’s Role: Pakistan, while claiming sovereignty over Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, also supports China’s control over the Karakoram Pass. The region is important for Pakistan as it forms part of the strategic corridor for the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), an ongoing infrastructure project that aims to link China’s Xinjiang province to Pakistan’s Gwadar port.
• Impact of the Dispute: The Karakoram Pass dispute affects broader geopolitical tensions in the region, with implications for India-Pakistan relations and India-China relations. Both countries view the pass and its surrounding region as crucial for maintaining their national security and influence over the entire region.

Summary

• The Siachen Glacier is a key disputed region between India and Pakistan, with India currently holding control. It has strategic, environmental, and military significance, and the dispute remains unresolved despite multiple attempts at peace.
• The Karakoram Pass is another key disputed area, particularly significant in the context of India-Pakistan-China relations. It remains a flashpoint in the broader territorial disputes involving Aksai Chin, Gilgit-Baltistan, and the development of infrastructure projects like CPEC.

Both the Siachen Glacier and Karakoram Pass are integral to the Ladakh region’s security and geopolitical importance, contributing to the ongoing territorial disputes between India, Pakistan, and China.

Key Terms:

• agriculture
,
• Aksai Chin
,
• culture
,
• Disputed Areas
,
• economy
,
• geography
,
• Gilgit-Baltistan
,
• handicrafts
,
• India-Pakistan Conflict
,
• Jammu and Kashmir
,
• Kargil
,
• Ladakh
,
• Ladakh Culture
,
• Ladakh Districts
,
• Ladakh Economy
,
• Ladakh Education
,
• Ladakh Geography
,
• Ladakh Government Schemes
,
• Ladakh Government Support
,
• Ladakh History
,
• Ladakh Infrastructure
,
• Ladakh News
,
• Ladakh Population
,
• Ladakh Religion
,
• Ladakh Travel
,
• Leh
,
• tourism
,
• Tourism in Ladakh
,
• Union Territory

Disclaimer: The information provided here has been compiled from various sources to the best of our knowledge. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the details, there may be occasional errors or omissions. If you find any discrepancies or incorrect information, kindly inform us so we can make the necessary corrections. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.