Agra City Profile

Agra is a historic city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is widely known for being the home to the Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Agra is not only a major tourist destination but also an important city with rich cultural heritage, historical landmarks, and a vibrant economy.

Geography & Location

• Geographical Coordinates: 27.1767° N latitude and 78.0081° E longitude
• Location: Agra is located in the northern part of India, approximately 200 km (124 miles) south of Delhi, the national capital. It is situated on the banks of the Yamuna River, with a semi-arid climate that experiences hot summers and cooler winters.

History

Agra has a rich and diverse history that dates back to ancient times:

• Ancient Period: Agra was known as Agravan in ancient texts, and it was a part of the Mahabharata’s Kurukshetra region. It has witnessed several dynasties, including the Mauryas and the Guptas.
• Mughal Era: Agra rose to prominence in the 16th century during the reign of the Mughal Empire. It became the capital of India under Emperor Akbar and was a thriving cultural and architectural hub.
• Post-Mughal Period: After the decline of the Mughal Empire, Agra came under British colonial rule in the 19th century. Agra’s influence waned but the city continued to thrive due to its proximity to Delhi and its historical significance.

Culture

Agra’s culture is a mix of traditional and modern influences:

• Cuisine: Agra is known for its Mughlai cuisine, including dishes like kebabs, biryanis, and the famous Agra petha (a sweet made from pumpkin).
• Art and Craft: The city is renowned for its marble work, leather goods, and traditional crafts such as zari (gold embroidery), which flourished during the Mughal era.
• Music and Dance: Classical music and dance forms, including Hindustani classical music and Kathak dance, are part of Agra’s cultural scene.

Notable Landmarks

1. Taj Mahal: A symbol of love and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this marble mausoleum was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
2. Agra Fort: A massive red sandstone fort built by Emperor Akbar, the Agra Fort served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors.
3. Fatehpur Sikri: Located about 37 km from Agra, this UNESCO-listed city was once the Mughal capital under Akbar and is known for its architectural grandeur.
4. Itimad-ud-Daula Tomb: Often referred to as the “Baby Taj,” this tomb is an exquisite example of Mughal architecture.
5. Mehtab Bagh: A garden across the Yamuna River offering one of the best views of the Taj Mahal.

Economy

Agra’s economy is largely driven by tourism due to the world-famous Taj Mahal. However, it also has a significant local economy based on agriculture, manufacturing, and handicrafts:

• Tourism: The Taj Mahal and other historical sites attract millions of tourists annually.
• Textile and Leather Industry: Agra is a major hub for leather goods production, including shoes, bags, and belts, as well as textiles.
• Agriculture: The surrounding region is rich in agriculture, with the cultivation of crops such as wheat, sugarcane, and fruits like guavas.

Education

Agra has a number of educational institutions offering diverse courses:

• Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University (Agra University): A major university offering undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs.
• Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM): A premier institute for tourism management.
• Schools: Agra has a range of schools affiliated with different education boards, including CBSE, ICSE, and state boards.

Transportation

Agra has a well-established transportation network:

• Air: Agra’s Kheria Airport is located 12 km from the city center, offering limited domestic flights. The nearest international airport is in Delhi.
• Rail: Agra is well-connected by train to major cities like Delhi, Jaipur, and Lucknow. The Agra Cantt Railway Station is the main station.
• Road: Agra is well-connected by road, with highways linking it to Delhi, Jaipur, and other cities. The Yamuna Expressway connects Agra with Delhi.
• Public Transport: Agra has a range of buses, auto-rickshaws, and cycle-rickshaws for local transportation.

Modern Developments

Agra has seen rapid urbanization and development in recent years:

• Smart City Project: Agra has been selected as one of the cities for India’s Smart Cities Mission, aiming to improve infrastructure, digital services, and sustainability.
• Tourism Infrastructure: Efforts are being made to enhance the tourism experience, with improved facilities at major tourist spots and new hotels and resorts.
• Economic Growth: The city is becoming a hub for manufacturing, especially in textiles and leather goods, with more industrial parks and commercial zones being developed.

Famous People

Several notable figures hail from Agra or have had significant associations with the city:

• Tansen: One of the nine jewels (Navaratnas) of Akbar’s court, Tansen was a legendary Indian classical musician.
• Jahangir: The Mughal emperor who spent a significant portion of his life in Agra.
• Ameer Ali: A notable Indian freedom fighter and politician.
• Kailash Satyarthi: Nobel Peace Prize laureate, social reformer, and child rights activist.

Festivals & Events

Agra celebrates a number of festivals with enthusiasm:

• Diwali: The festival of lights is celebrated with grandeur, particularly around the Taj Mahal, with cultural events and celebrations.
• Holi: The festival of colors is marked with traditional festivities and large community gatherings.
• Eid: Celebrated by the Muslim community with prayers, feasts, and festivities.
• Taj Mahotsav: A cultural festival held annually in Agra, featuring music, dance, craft exhibitions, and local food.

In conclusion, Agra stands as a city where history and modernity coexist, with its timeless beauty and rich heritage serving as a beacon for global tourists and scholars alike. It continues to evolve, with efforts to modernize and preserve its cultural treasures.

Top Tourist Attractions in Agra

Agra is home to some of the most iconic and historic attractions in India. The city is famed for its Mughal architecture, especially the Taj Mahal, and its rich cultural heritage. Here are the top tourist attractions in Agra:

1. Taj Mahal

• Description: The Taj Mahal is undoubtedly the most famous landmark in Agra and one of the most recognized monuments in the world. This white marble mausoleum was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is a symbol of eternal love and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Must-See: The intricate marble inlay work, the expansive gardens, and the reflection of the Taj Mahal in the front pool are the highlights.

2. Agra Fort

• Description: Agra Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a massive red sandstone fort built by Emperor Akbar in the 16th century. It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors until the capital moved to Delhi.
• Must-See: The Jahangir Palace, Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), and the view of the Taj Mahal from the fort.

3. Fatehpur Sikri

• Description: Located around 37 km from Agra, Fatehpur Sikri is a former Mughal capital, built by Emperor Akbar. The city, made of red sandstone, includes several grand buildings and palaces that showcase Mughal architectural brilliance.
• Must-See: The Buland Darwaza (Gate of Victory), the Tomb of Salim Chishti, and the Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience).

4. Itimad-ud-Daula’s Tomb (Baby Taj)

• Description: Often referred to as the “Baby Taj,” this tomb is considered a precursor to the Taj Mahal. Built by Empress Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, this tomb is made of marble and features intricate carvings and inlay work.
• Must-See: The detailed marble inlay, the small yet beautiful gardens, and the overall symmetry of the tomb.

5. Mehtab Bagh

• Description: Mehtab Bagh is a beautiful garden located across the Yamuna River from the Taj Mahal. It offers one of the best views of the Taj Mahal, especially at sunset, and is an excellent spot for photography.
• Must-See: The panoramic view of the Taj Mahal, the serene ambiance of the gardens, and the peaceful riverfront.

6. Tomb of Akbar the Great

• Description: Located in Sikandra, just outside Agra, this is the final resting place of Emperor Akbar. The tomb is a fusion of Mughal, Persian, and Indian architectural styles.
• Must-See: The grand gateway, the stunning garden, and the peaceful surroundings that make it a serene escape from the city.

7. Chini Ka Rauza

• Description: Chini Ka Rauza is a tomb built for the Persian scholar Allama Afzal Khan Mullah, a close confidant of Emperor Shah Jahan. The tomb is notable for its glazed blue tiles, which are rare in Mughal architecture.
• Must-See: The intricate tilework and the peaceful surroundings of this lesser-known but beautiful monument.

8. Jama Masjid

• Description: Situated near the Agra Fort, the Jama Masjid is an imposing mosque built by Emperor Shah Jahan. It is one of the largest mosques in India and is built with red sandstone and marble.
• Must-See: The beautiful entrance, the vast courtyard, and the intricate Mughal architecture.

9. Sadar Bazaar

• Description: Sadar Bazaar is a bustling market near the Agra Cantonment Railway Station. It’s a great place to experience the local culture, shop for handicrafts, leather goods, textiles, and souvenirs.
• Must-See: The wide range of local handicrafts, marble inlay work, leather products, and street food.

10. Kinari Bazaar

• Description: Kinari Bazaar is one of Agra’s oldest markets and offers a vibrant shopping experience. It is the place to buy traditional jewelry, sarees, embroidery work, and local handicrafts.
• Must-See: The colorful, lively street atmosphere, local jewelry, and textile stalls.

11. Agra Bear Rescue Facility

• Description: Located in the nearby town of Shamshabad, this facility is dedicated to the rescue and rehabilitation of dancing bears. It is operated by Wildlife SOS and provides an educational experience on animal welfare.
• Must-See: Learn about the efforts to save the bears and watch their recovery in a natural habitat.

12. Mankameshwar Temple

• Description: A revered Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Mankameshwar Temple is one of the oldest temples in Agra. It is located near the Agra Fort and is an important pilgrimage site.
• Must-See: The serene atmosphere and the historical significance of the temple.

13. Soami Bagh Temple (Radha Soami Satsang Beas)

• Description: A spiritual site located on the outskirts of Agra, the Soami Bagh Temple is known for its stunning architecture and the tomb of its founder, Hazur Baba Sawan Singh. The temple is a peaceful retreat.
• Must-See: The grandeur of the temple’s architecture and the tranquil surroundings.

These attractions showcase Agra’s rich historical, cultural, and architectural heritage, making it an essential destination for any traveler interested in India’s Mughal history.

Administrative Divisions of Agra

Agra is an important administrative unit in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is governed by a well-defined administrative structure, which includes various divisions, sub-divisions, and local authorities. Here’s is detailed regarding the administrative divisions of Agra, providing more in-depth information about the sub-divisions, tehsils, blocks, local governance, police administration, legislative assemblies, and other key administrative structures. Here’s a more comprehensive breakdown:

1. District Overview:

• District Name: Agra
• District Headquarters: Agra City
• State: Uttar Pradesh
• Region: Braj Region
• Area: 4,023 sq km
• Population (2021 Census): Approx. 45.5 lakh
• Zila Panchayat (District Panchayat): The Zila Panchayat is responsible for rural governance in Agra, overseeing panchayat elections and rural development schemes in the district.

2. Sub-Divisions (Sub-Districts):

Agra is divided into four main sub-divisions (also known as Tehsil-level administrative units):

1. Agra Sub-Division:
   • Headquarters: Agra City
   • Description: The most significant sub-division, it encompasses the urban agglomeration of Agra city, which includes both residential and commercial areas.
   • Key Localities: Agra Cantonment, Fatehpur Sikri Road, Sikandra, Dayalbagh.
2. Fatehabad Sub-Division:
   • Headquarters: Fatehabad
   • Description: This sub-division covers the rural areas and small towns like Fatehabad. It is also home to the Taj Mahal’s eastern gate and nearby areas.
   • Key Localities: Fatehabad, Agra Mathura Road, Sikandra, Kheragarh.
3. Kheragarh Sub-Division:
   • Headquarters: Kheragarh
   • Description: Kheragarh is a largely rural area and is part of the western region of Agra. It is known for its agricultural activities.
   • Key Localities: Kheragarh, Chhalesar, Rajupura, Bijauli.
4. Tundla Sub-Division:
   • Headquarters: Tundla
   • Description: Tundla is an important commercial and industrial area, with proximity to Agra city. It is a major railway junction.
   • Key Localities: Tundla, Bah, Jagner.

3. Tehsils (Revenue Divisions):

Tehsils are the primary administrative units under the sub-divisions. Agra district has four main Tehsils:

1. Agra Tehsil:
   • Description: This tehsil covers the urban area of Agra city and its suburbs.
   • Key Areas: Agra Cantt., Tajganj, Sikandra, and various residential and commercial zones within Agra city.
   • Revenue Administration: Managed by the Tehsildar, who is responsible for land revenue, revenue collection, and maintaining land records.
2. Fatehabad Tehsil:
   • Description: Includes the town of Fatehabad and nearby rural regions.
   • Key Areas: Fatehabad, Pathakhera, Shamsabad.
   • Revenue Administration: Managed by the Tehsildar of Fatehabad, handling local revenue matters, including tax collection and land records for the region.
3. Kheragarh Tehsil:
   • Description: A rural area focused on agricultural activities. This tehsil deals with agricultural development and land reforms.
   • Key Areas: Kheragarh, Bhilwara, Manota.
   • Revenue Administration: The Tehsildar in charge supervises the revenue collection from agricultural lands, settlements, and local trade.
4. Tundla Tehsil:
   • Description: Tundla is an industrial and commercial hub. It is an important railway junction in Agra district, which impacts the economy.
   • Key Areas: Tundla, Bah, Aligarh Road, and Jagner.
   • Revenue Administration: The Tehsildar here manages both agricultural and industrial revenue matters.

4. Blocks (Administrative Blocks):

Blocks are the sub-units within each tehsil, primarily responsible for managing rural development, welfare schemes, and basic services at the grassroots level. Some of the key blocks in Agra include:

1. Agra Block:
   • Description: It includes the peripheral rural areas surrounding the Agra city.
   • Key Areas: Agra city outskirts, parts of Fatehabad, and neighboring villages.
2. Fatehabad Block:
   • Description: It covers rural areas under the Fatehabad sub-division and is a major agricultural zone.
   • Key Areas: Fatehabad rural areas, adjacent villages.
3. Kheragarh Block:
   • Description: Kheragarh block mainly comprises rural and agricultural areas.
   • Key Areas: Rural settlements and farming communities.
4. Tundla Block:
   • Description: This block focuses on the agricultural economy of the Tundla region.
   • Key Areas: Tundla, Bah, Jagner.
5. Mahavan Block:
   • Description: Known for its agricultural significance and local development initiatives.
   • Key Areas: Mahavan and surrounding rural areas.
6. Etmadpur Block:
   • Description: A largely rural block near the Agra-Fatehabad road, known for its farming communities.
   • Key Areas: Etmadpur, Bhagwanpur.

5. Municipal Corporation (Agra Municipal Corporation – AMC):

• Headquarters: Agra City
• Area Covered: The municipal limits cover Agra city, which includes both residential and commercial zones.
• Mayor: The mayor is the elected head of the municipal corporation, responsible for urban planning, development, and local administration.
• Services Provided: AMC handles the supply of clean water, waste management, road maintenance, sewage, and other basic amenities for the urban population.
• Wards in Agra: Agra city is divided into 100 wards, each represented by an elected ward member in the municipal corporation.

6. Police Administration:

The Agra Police Commissionerate is the law enforcement authority in the city and district, responsible for maintaining law and order.

• Police Commissioner: Oversees the operations of the entire police force in the district and city.
• District Police Headquarters: Located in Agra city.
• Police Circles and Stations: The district is divided into several police circles, each covering specific parts of the district. Notable police stations include:
  • Agra Cantonment Police Station
  • Agra City Police Station
  • Fatehabad Police Station
  • Kheragarh Police Station
  • Tundla Police Station

7. District Courts:

• District Court of Agra: The District Court is the principal judicial authority for civil and criminal cases in Agra.
  • Location: In the heart of Agra city.
  • Types of Courts:
    • Civil Court: Deals with civil cases related to property, contracts, and family matters.
    • Criminal Court: Handles criminal offenses such as theft, assault, etc.
    • Family Court: Deals with family-related cases, including divorce, child custody, and inheritance.
    • Revenue Court: Resolves disputes related to land records, taxation, and revenue.
  • Judicial Officers: The District Judge oversees all court activities, while Additional District Judges handle specialized cases.

8. Legislative Assembly Constituencies:

Agra district is represented in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by several constituencies, each electing a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA).

• Agra Cantt. (Constituency 1)
• Agra South (Constituency 2)
• Agra North (Constituency 3)
• Fatehabad (Constituency 4)
• Tundla (Constituency 5)
• Kheragarh (Constituency 6)

Each constituency plays a role in the development of the region, and the elected MLA serves as a bridge between the people and the state government.

9. Parliamentary Constituencies:

Agra district is part of the Agra Parliamentary Constituency (Lok Sabha), which elects a representative to the Indian Parliament.

• Agra Parliamentary Constituency: Comprises the urban and rural parts of Agra.
  • Current MP: The elected Member of Parliament (MP) represents Agra in the Lok Sabha.
• Fatehpur Sikri Parliamentary Constituency: Some parts of Agra district come under the Fatehpur Sikri constituency, and it elects its own MP to the Indian Parliament.

10. Revenue Divisions:

Agra falls under the Agra Revenue Division of Uttar Pradesh, which includes several districts in the region.

• Revenue Division Headquarters: Agra City, where the district-level revenue officers operate.
• Key Functions: The revenue division is responsible for overseeing land revenue, tax collection, and land records maintenance. Each district within the revenue division follows the procedures laid out by the Revenue Division Commissioner.

Conclusion:

Agra’s administrative structure consists of multiple levels of governance, from rural blocks and tehsils to municipal and police bodies, each fulfilling distinct responsibilities. With its historical significance, urban development, and rural governance, Agra continues to maintain a blend of administrative tradition and modern-day public services. The well-defined divisions ensure efficient management and development of the city and surrounding areas.

Key Terms:

• Agra administrative divisions
,
• Agra city governance
,
• district courts
,
• legislative assembly
,
• Municipal Corporation
,
• parliamentary constituencies
,
• police administration
,
• revenue divisions
,
• tehsils
,
• Uttar Pradesh administration

Disclaimer: The information provided here has been compiled from various sources to the best of our knowledge. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the details, there may be occasional errors or omissions. If you find any discrepancies or incorrect information, kindly inform us so we can make the necessary corrections. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.